| 691 |
Cicero, IL, Betsy Gurlacz(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's earliest airfields. Cicero's position at the edge of Chicago attracted criminal elements...
...wishing to evade Chicago's law enforcement agencies. In the mid to late 1920s, the gangster Al...
...of Cicero, bordered on the north and east by Chicago, is the suburb nearest to downtown. Named for a...
|
| 692 |
Costa Ricans, Robert Morrissey(
Authored Entry
) ...Small businesses undertaken by Costa Ricans in Chicago have included restaurants , clothing stores,...
...as spiritual centers for Costa Ricans in Chicago, including St. Ita's Church (5500 N. Broadway) and...
...in Costa Rica. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Chicago Costa Rican community organized two soccer teams,...
|
| 693 |
Corporate Headquarters and Industrial Relics, Sarah S. Marcus(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Gallery)
) ...Preservation ; Iron and Steel ; Pullman Sarah S. Marcus The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society....
...The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights Reserved. Portions are...
|
| 694 |
Park Districts, Julia Sniderman Bachrach(
Authored Entry
) ...of Lake Shore Drive. By the 1950s, the Chicago Park District was responsible for 169 parks totaling...
...200 small play lots were operated by the city of Chicago. In 1959, the two agencies entered into...
...park police were consolidated into the Chicago Police Department, the boulevards were transferred to...
|
| 695 |
Agriculture, Chas. P. Raleigh(
Authored Entry
) ...so seasonal farmers' markets throughout the Chicago region. Specialized products such as free-range...
...and independent, up-scale food stores. And the Chicago Board of Trade remains a powerful influence...
...vastness of the world's grain trade that will define Chicago's agricultural industry for the future....
|
| 696 |
Airlines, Liesl M. Orenic(
Authored Entry
) ...Jobs at the airports are split between Chicago residents and suburbanites, although suburbanites...
...Despite the economic benefits to suburban Chicago, its relationship with O'Hare has grown tense over...
...at Midway Airport, ca. 1940s. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
|
| 697 |
Environmental Regulation, Betsy Mendelsohn(
Authored Entry
) ...for environmental quality traveled indoors, as the Chicago Housing Authority reduced pesticide use,...
...agencies. This access increased in 1992, when Chicago created a Department of the Environment, which...
...in the small city government of early Chicago, but residents increasingly hold them accountable to...
|
| 698 |
Nigerians, Charles Adams Cogan and Cyril Ibe(
Authored Entry
) ...America, the African presence has created within Chicago's black community a diversity comparable to...
...Chicago's 30,000...
...Nigerians constitute Chicago's largest African community. The first major influx of Nigerians to the...
|
| 699 |
Boxing, Robert Pruter(
Authored Entry
) ...boxing matches at the Stadium, and thereafter Chicago declined as a boxing town. Since the early...
...the nineteenth century, boxing was part of Chicago's bachelor subculture where bouts for small bets...
...city, however, by such organizations as the Chicago Athletic Association (CAA). Following agitation...
|
| 700 |
Golf, Howard N. Rabinowitz(
Authored Entry
) ...profusion of courses, however, metropolitan Chicago, with more than 850,000 golfers, was still well...
...at Midlothian Golf Club, 1907. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...and country clubs in the late 1880s. Metropolitan Chicago was ideally suited for golf. Its booming...
|
| 701 |
Refugees, Tracy Steffes(
Authored Entry
) ...Peruvians , and Haitians to seek asylum in Chicago. Thanks to its cosmopolitan, multiethnic...
...social services and community organizations, Chicago remains an attractive destination for refugees...
...war, famine, or civil strife. In that sense, Chicago has become home to many different groups of...
|
| 702 |
Calumet Harbor, Page 2, Ann Durkin Keating(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Photo Essay)
) ...Anticipating greater shipping on the Great Lakes, Chicago sought to capture more than its share of...
...1956 Photographer: William Siegel Source: Chicago Historical Society (ICHi-37360) Mayor Richard J....
...Seaway in 1959. See also: Water ; Planning Chicago Back | Page 1 | Page 2 | Page 3 | Forward The...
|
| 703 |
Riverine Systems, Daniel Schneider and Glenn Sandiford(
Authored Entry
) ...exacerbated by the low gradient of the Chicago River and the paving of vast areas of wetlands and...
...Compared to other areas of Illinois, the Chicago region boasts few rivers and streams. However,...
...these rivers figure largely in the city's history. Chicago is located at the divide between the St....
|
| 704 |
Baths, Public, Marilyn Thornton Williams(
Authored Entry
) ...in public bath usage. After World War II , Chicago began to close down its public bathhouses. By the...
...the still-operating William Mavor bath, constructed in 1900 and named after a Chicago alderman. The...
...third municipal bath opened by the city of Chicago, it was located at 4645 Gross (later McDowell)...
|
| 705 |
Ivorians, Tracy Steffes(
Authored Entry
) ...While a small number of students came to Chicago in the 1970s and settled permanently...
...as professionals, most Ivorians migrated to Chicago in the 1990s. The United States was not a...
...large in the 1990s, Ivorians began to migrate to Chicago, Atlanta, Boston, and other major cities in...
|
| 706 |
Ice Hockey, Seth Brady(
Authored Entry
) ...Ice Hockey and Polo Guide reported in 1898 that Chicago had a significant interest in hockey....
...The first clear institutional indication of Chicago's interest in ice hockey, however, came much...
...from Portland, Oregon, and transplanted it in Chicago as the Blackhawks . Ice hockey came to Chicago...
|
| 707 |
World's Columbian Exposition, Robert W. Rydell(
Authored Entry
) ...congresses would become the Art Institute of Chicago . On another level, the triumph of the World's...
...left Arcturus the same year that the World's Columbian Exposition had illuminated Chicago's skies....
...Exposition became a defining moment in Chicago's history and the history of the United States as a...
|
| 708 |
Environmental Politics, Harold L. Platt(
Authored Entry
) ...of law and politics defined land use patterns in Chicago from the first plat of 1830 to the present...
...Some of the most critical challenges facing Chicago at the close of the twentieth century are the...
...political formation of urban space in metropolitan Chicago is set within a larger ecological context...
|
| 709 |
Basic Bridge Types, Page 2, Ann Durkin Keating(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Photo Essay)
) ...bridge is 269 feet long and cost $33 million. See also: Bridges ; Chicago River Back | Page 1 | Page...
...2 | Forward The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society. The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights...
|
| 710 |
Afghans, Daniel Greene(
Authored Entry
) ...Day in September. Afghan elders in the Chicago area have been concerned with younger Afghans' lack...
...Pakistanis and Bosnians . But, although many of Chicago's Afghans speak English as well as Dari (...
...Although a few Afghans came to Chicago for university education in the 1930s, they did not have a...
|