| 591 |
Planning Before the Plan, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...Fuller's pessimism wrong and triumphantly remake the city. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society....
...The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights Reserved. Portions are...
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| 592 |
Schooling for Work, Arthur Zilversmit(
Authored Entry
) ...troublesome children in school, however, the Chicago City Colleges and the private, entrepreneurial...
...transformed by new kinds of industry. In Chicago, a deep and bitter conflict over the relationship...
...interests or abilities. i3452 A class at the Chicago Hebrew Institute, 1915. Photographer: Unknown....
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| 593 |
Planning, City and Regional, Lawrence Christmas(
Authored Entry
) ...tradition, the publication in 1909 of the Plan of Chicago, written by Daniel H. Burnham and Edward...
...H. Bennett, marked the birth of both city and regional planning in the Chicago metropolitan area....
...by the Commercial Club , an association of Chicago's most prominent business and professional...
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| 594 |
Jazz, William Howland Kenney(
Authored Entry
) ...Throughout the twentieth century, Chicago has played a leading role in the performance, recording,...
...of jazz. There are several reasons for Chicago's powerful musical influence. First, the city's...
...century popular-music styles associated with Chicago. Whereas New York's Tin Pan Alley dominated the...
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| 595 |
The City the Planners Saw, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...naturally emerge all by itself. History was on Chicago's side only if people like themselves took...
...effective action. It was time to do so. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society. The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights...
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| 596 |
Places of Assembly, Paula R. Lupkin(
Authored Entry
) ...An important element of Chicago's transformation from a small military outpost to a world city has...
...Clark Streets. It was the longest hall in Chicago and served as the site of political, religious,...
...city government in 1837. Artist: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 In Chicago's...
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| 597 |
Polka, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...than from arrangements—separates the performance practice of Chicago bands from those of other polka...
...centers. Chicago polka musicians further specify their style by singing in ethnic languages, even...
...Polish American musicians shaped the core of Chicago style, notably Eddie Zima, Władziu (“Li'l...
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| 598 |
Folklore, Susan K. Eleuterio(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's folklore includes legends and stories, folk speech, names and expressions, material...
...Fire of 1871 , Al Capone, Jane Addams's Hull House , the steel mills of South Chicago and northwest...
...Indiana, and Chicago's swampy location at the base of Lake Michigan. Chicago lore includes the...
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| 599 |
Community Service Organizations, Jeffrey Charles(
Authored Entry
) ...diffusing charitable energy and resources, Chicago's myriad service organizations remain bulwarks of...
...Residents of metropolitan Chicago have a long and distinguished tradition of community service, and...
...Association (1843) and the male-dominated Chicago Relief Society (1850) gathered the upper classes...
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| 600 |
Philanthropy, Peter Frumkin(
Authored Entry
) ...twenty-first century, institutional giving in Chicago had grown to over $500 million, with more than...
...has left an enormous and lasting legacy in Chicago. It has enabled the establishment of numerous...
...the past century and a half, philanthropy in Chicago has slowly undergone a major transformation....
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| 601 |
Mayors, Melvin G. Holli(
Authored Entry
) ...for his leadership in school reform, with Chicago's model emulated by several other big city mayors....
...Chicago's mayors from incorporation in 1837 through the Great Fire of 1871 were drawn...
...of the socioeconomic registers. Although Chicago was not old enough to have a patrician class...
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| 602 |
Railroads, John C. Hudson(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago is the most important railroad center in North America....
...More lines of track radiate in more directions from Chicago than from any other city....
...Chicago has long been the most important interchange point for freight traffic between the nation's...
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| 603 |
Trade Publications, Kathleen L. Endres(
Authored Entry
) ...widely read magazine on law in the nation. Chicago's trade publishing picture differs considerably...
...of the diversity of the economic base of Chicago, the trade press has never been dominated by a...
...single industry, business, or association. The Chicago Daily Hide & Tallow Bulletin, Bowling Center...
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| 604 |
Water, Louis P. Cain(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's unusual wastewater disposal history was conditioned by the location of...
...city at the juncture of Lake Michigan and the Chicago River . Initially, the city used the lake to...
...informal basis, and in 1871 on a formal basis, Chicago flushed its wastewater into the Mississippi...
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| 605 |
Iranians, James S. Kessler(
Authored Entry
) ...on their faculty. The majority of Iranians in Chicago live in the northern suburbs but are not...
...While the Iranian community of Chicago is not large, it reflects the diversity of Iran, with...
...Iranian Jews . However, most Iranians in Chicago are Persian-speaking Shī’ī Muslims. The majority of...
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| 606 |
Germans, Christiane Harzig(
Authored Entry
) ...culturally, and economically active among Chicago's Germans in the late twentieth century were, for...
...after generation of German immigrants came to Chicago, constructing a multifaceted, vibrant ethnic...
...Chicago's initial period of rapid growth in the mid-nineteenth century coincided with the...
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| 607 |
Refining, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...the same facility that had brought refining to Chicago in 1890. Now owned by BP Amoco (Standard of...
...Chicago was not among the earliest locations of the petroleum industry, but when oil refining...
...stood among the largest in the world, and the Chicago region remained an important refining center....
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| 608 |
Civil War, Theodore J. Karamanski(
Authored Entry
) ...in the development of nineteenth-century Chicago. The war came at a time when the city's commercial...
...Yard on Christmas Day, 1865, is symbolic of the Civil War's impact on Chicago. The war directed...
...the flow of vital food commodities away from Chicago's most persistent urban rivals, which were too...
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| 609 |
Palestinians, Louise Cainkar(
Authored Entry
) ...Palestinians formed about 60 percent of the Arab population of the Chicago metropolitan area....
...Palestinians began migrating to Chicago in the late nineteenth century. They were a significant part...
...Arab migration to the United States and Chicago increased between 1890 and 1921, until overseas...
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| 610 |
Art Criticism and Scholarship, David M. Sokol(
Authored Entry
) ...has been especially influential in defining and promoting the Chicago School of local artists....
...The history of art criticism in Chicago starts with Art Review (1870), which closed after the Great...
...and it survived from 1899 to 1919; the Chicago Evening Post started to offer serious literary and...
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