| 551 |
Political Culture, Robin Einhorn(
Authored Entry
) ...Richard M. Daley into the mayor's office in 1989, the beginning of a new era in Chicago politics....
...One stereotype of Chicago is probably true: people in the city are interested in politics , and...
...details of how politics works in the city. Chicago voters also are famous for tolerating a certain...
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| 552 |
Insurance, Beatrix Hoffman(
Authored Entry
) ...The landmark Standard Oil Building, currently Chicago's second tallest, in 2000 was renamed for the...
...Chicago is not an “insurance town” on a par with Hartford or New York, but it still holds an...
...home to pioneering life insurance companies, Chicago insurers spurred historic growth and innovation...
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| 553 |
Charters, Municipal, Maureen A. Flanagan(
Authored Entry
) ...especially when the growth of cities like Chicago far outstripped that of any other municipalities...
...the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Chicago's earliest charters reflected its small...
...along Lake Michigan . Under its town charters, Chicago was governed by an elected Board of Trustees...
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| 554 |
Leisure, Steven A. Riess(
Authored Entry
) ...own cultural traditions and values. i3330 Chicago's railroads expanded leisure space for Chicagoans...
...and for Americans more generally. In this Chicago & Northwestern ad from 1887, a Boston agent...
...route. Creator: Poole Bros. , Printers and Engravers. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
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| 555 |
Social Services, Joanne L. Goodwin(
Authored Entry
) ...these efforts to dismantle the welfare state. In Chicago and elsewhere, cutbacks in public funding...
...Forest, postcard, 1908. Artist: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 By the 1890s,...
...in part by economic and social inequality. Chicago's development of social services fits prominently...
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| 556 |
Railroad Supply Industry, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...Car Company, by then part of the Marmon Group, a Chicago-based conglomerate. And ABC Rail Products,...
...been at the height of the railway age, when Chicago was at the center of the railroad equipment and...
...It is often said that the railroads made Chicago, in the sense that the city's explosive growth was...
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| 557 |
Church Architecture, George A. Lane, S.J.(
Authored Entry
) ...office space, under its Gothic spire. i3166 Chicago Rapid Transit Company poster by Rocco D....
...Navigato, depicting the Chicago Temple, 77 West Washington, 1920s. Artist: Rocco...
...D. Navigato. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 A Roman Catholic church showcased balloon...
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| 558 |
Canadians, Emily Brunner(
Authored Entry
) ...in the United States. Several institutions in Chicago continue to foster Canadian identity....
...The Canadian Club of Chicago, founded in 1942, promotes commerce between the United...
...and provides opportunities for Canadians in Chicago to socialize with each other. Members include...
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| 559 |
Suburbs and Cities as Dual Metropolis, Michael H. Ebner(
Authored Entry
) ...upon another. i3648 Cabrini high-rises, 1959. The Chicago Housing Authority completed this “Cabrini...
...Green. ” Photographer: Betty Hulett. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 Replete with the...
...of median family incomes between metropolitan Chicago's richest and poorest communities in 1989 was...
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| 560 |
World War I, Sean J. LaBat(
Authored Entry
) ...siphoned native-born labor into the war effort. Many Chicago employers turned to women and African...
...the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to Chicago and other northern cities....
...I (1914–1918) had a profound impact on Chicago both before and after the American war declaration on...
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| 561 |
Magazines, Richard Junger(
Authored Entry
) ...Wrigley and Tribune buildings, 1959. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society....
...FIGURE 1 Other Chicago magazines have been equally unconventional. Arnold Gingrich and Alfred Smart...
...Court decision limiting postal censorship. Chicago native and one-time Esquire employee Hugh M....
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| 562 |
Metropolitan Growth, Ann Durkin Keating(
Authored Entry
) ...The history of the Chicago metropolitan area is often told in geographic fragments—...
...histories of dozens of local areas, both inside Chicago and in suburbs. Austin , Barrington , South...
...separately, however, denies the ways in which the Chicago metropolitan area operates as a whole. Few...
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| 563 |
Literary Cultures, Timothy B. Spears(
Authored Entry
) ...Between 1875 and 1893 Joseph Kirkland read 15 papers at meetings of the Chicago Literary Club....
...Not just a lone pioneer on Chicago's fledgling literary scene, Kirkland was one of several elite...
...establish oases of learning and culture in Chicago's raw social climate belonged especially to the...
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| 564 |
Religious Institutions, Virginia Lieson Brereton(
Authored Entry
) ...religious life, but several factors have made Chicago a particularly lively religious breeding...
...reformist bishops. In the 1930s and 1940s, Chicago was arguably the headquarters of the Catholic...
...the founder was Bishop Bernard Sheil of Chicago), the Cana Conference (founded by Monsignor John...
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| 565 |
Scouting, Elizabeth D. Schafer(
Authored Entry
) ...alderman Carl T. Murray, 1915. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...Chicago played a significant role in the development of youth scouting organizations. In 1909, the...
...by O. W. Kneeves which met at Hamilton Park. Chicago publisher William D. Boyce incorporated the Boy...
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| 566 |
Puerto Ricans, Gina M. Pérez(
Authored Entry
) ...to work in manufacturing industries, as laborers, and in the service sector of the Chicago economy....
...Despite their long history in the city, Chicago Puerto Ricans continue to maintain cultural,...
...of Puerto Rican men and women moved to Chicago from New York in the 1930s, the first significant...
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| 567 |
Soccer, Gabe Logan(
Authored Entry
) ...men's teams, while over 2,000 metropolitan Chicago youth teams compete in the Illinois Youth Soccer...
...the National Soccer League sponsored by Chicago's Sparta ABA (Athletic and Benevolent Association)...
...Soccer Club, a Czech organization. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
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| 568 |
Wholesaling, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...construction of Wacker Drive. Photographer: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...Given that Chicago long ranked as America's “second city,” it is not surprising that it has served...
...as a major wholesaling center. Like most cities, Chicago has been a place for the exchange and...
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| 569 |
Flood Control and Drainage, Arlan R. Juhl(
Authored Entry
) ...regions of the Des Plaines, North Branch Chicago, and Fox River watersheds. Flooding in rivers and...
...The Chicago area is topographically dominated...
...by the glacial Lake Chicago plain. This plain encompasses the Chicago River , Des Plaines River ,...
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| 570 |
Mexicans, Gabriela F. Arredondo and Derek Vaillant(
Authored Entry
) ...more than 530,000 Mexicans in the city of Chicago, with more than 1.1 million in the metropolitan...
...parade, Little Village, 1984. Photographer: Gregg Mann. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
...The first major wave of Mexican migration to Chicago began in the mid to late 1910s, spurred on by...
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