| 581 |
Introduction, Sarah S. Marcus(
Interpretive Digital Essay
) ...and proposed a multi-component analysis of Chicago's global identity. Michael Conzen, Professor and...
...on Geographical Studies at the University of Chicago, authored much of the text and maps that serve...
...of the piece. Gary L. Johnson, president of the Chicago History Museum, contributed his analysis of...
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| 582 |
Infrastructure, Louis P. Cain(
Authored Entry
) ...the single most important component of Chicago's infrastructure is the Illinois & Michigan Canal ,...
...from the canal, but construction on the canal did not begin until 1836. Even before Chicago became a...
...city, the Chicago River became a federal harbor. A sandbar blocked the mouth of the river, and...
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| 583 |
Film Criticism, Elizabeth D. Schafer(
Authored Entry
) ...understood Siskel and Ebert's commentary, and Chicago's Museum of Broadcast Communications honored...
...them for making film criticism accessible to movie patrons. They won a Chicago Emmy Award and...
...were inducted into the Chicago Journalism Hall of Fame. A section of Erie Street was dedicated...
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| 584 |
Great Migration, James Grossman(
Authored Entry
) ...South generally followed water and rail routes. Chicago’s popularity as a destination rested in part...
...Other railroad lines also offered access to Chicago from these and other parts of the South. Until...
...roots in the upper South. Beginning in 1916, Chicago drew its African American population from the...
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| 585 |
Swedes, Anita Olson Gustafson(
Authored Entry
) ...the early decades of Swedish immigration, Chicago served as a gateway to settlement in agricultural...
...expanding American labor market in cities such as Chicago. By 1910, one-fifth of all people who were...
...originating from rural areas of southern Sweden. Chicago's first Swedish settlement emerged in 1846,...
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| 586 |
Theater, Tony Adler(
Authored Entry
) ...The first public professional performance in Chicago took place in...
...1834, three years before Chicago incorporated as a city. It cost fifty cents for adults, twenty-five...
...1837 that the first local theater company —the Chicago Theater—was established. Harry Isherwood co-...
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| 587 |
Austrians, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...to create a malleable identity. Austrians in Chicago therefore maintain a creative culture, one that...
...of Austrian identity, both in Austria and, especially during the twentieth century, in Chicago....
...ancestry at the end of the twentieth century, Chicago is, at least symbolically, the most Austrian...
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| 588 |
Governing the Metropolis, Anthony Orum(
Authored Entry
) ...planning in local government , metropolitan Chicago's numerous and diverse governmental bodies are...
...including 306 public school districts ), Chicago government seems to represent an inefficient use of...
...four general categories of government units in the Chicago metropolitan area has authority over a...
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| 589 |
Medical Societies and Journals, Christopher James Tassava(
Authored Entry
) ...CMS successfully accommodated specialist societies like the Chicago Pathological Society (founded...
...1878) and the Chicago Neurological Society ( founded 1898) by adopting in 1903 a federal-style...
...officers and financial matters to trustees. Chicago's medical community has had great regional and...
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| 590 |
Mail Delivery, Richard R. John(
Authored Entry
) ...out. For much of the twentieth century, the Chicago post office was the largest postal distribution...
...Government mail delivery in Chicago began in 1831 with the appointment of a fur trader as the first...
...passenger travel. The following year, the Chicago post office became a distribution center—testimony...
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| 591 |
Planning Before the Plan, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...Fuller's pessimism wrong and triumphantly remake the city. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society....
...The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights Reserved. Portions are...
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| 592 |
Schooling for Work, Arthur Zilversmit(
Authored Entry
) ...troublesome children in school, however, the Chicago City Colleges and the private, entrepreneurial...
...transformed by new kinds of industry. In Chicago, a deep and bitter conflict over the relationship...
...interests or abilities. i3452 A class at the Chicago Hebrew Institute, 1915. Photographer: Unknown....
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| 593 |
Planning, City and Regional, Lawrence Christmas(
Authored Entry
) ...tradition, the publication in 1909 of the Plan of Chicago, written by Daniel H. Burnham and Edward...
...H. Bennett, marked the birth of both city and regional planning in the Chicago metropolitan area....
...by the Commercial Club , an association of Chicago's most prominent business and professional...
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| 594 |
Jazz, William Howland Kenney(
Authored Entry
) ...Throughout the twentieth century, Chicago has played a leading role in the performance, recording,...
...of jazz. There are several reasons for Chicago's powerful musical influence. First, the city's...
...century popular-music styles associated with Chicago. Whereas New York's Tin Pan Alley dominated the...
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| 595 |
The City the Planners Saw, Carl Smith(
Interpretive Digital Essay (Essay)
) ...naturally emerge all by itself. History was on Chicago's side only if people like themselves took...
...effective action. It was time to do so. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago ©...
...2005 Chicago Historical Society. The Encyclopedia of Chicago © 2004 The Newberry Library. All Rights...
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| 596 |
Places of Assembly, Paula R. Lupkin(
Authored Entry
) ...An important element of Chicago's transformation from a small military outpost to a world city has...
...Clark Streets. It was the longest hall in Chicago and served as the site of political, religious,...
...city government in 1837. Artist: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 In Chicago's...
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| 597 |
Polka, Philip V. Bohlman(
Authored Entry
) ...than from arrangements—separates the performance practice of Chicago bands from those of other polka...
...centers. Chicago polka musicians further specify their style by singing in ethnic languages, even...
...Polish American musicians shaped the core of Chicago style, notably Eddie Zima, Władziu (“Li'l...
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| 598 |
Folklore, Susan K. Eleuterio(
Authored Entry
) ...Chicago's folklore includes legends and stories, folk speech, names and expressions, material...
...Fire of 1871 , Al Capone, Jane Addams's Hull House , the steel mills of South Chicago and northwest...
...Indiana, and Chicago's swampy location at the base of Lake Michigan. Chicago lore includes the...
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| 599 |
Community Service Organizations, Jeffrey Charles(
Authored Entry
) ...diffusing charitable energy and resources, Chicago's myriad service organizations remain bulwarks of...
...Residents of metropolitan Chicago have a long and distinguished tradition of community service, and...
...Association (1843) and the male-dominated Chicago Relief Society (1850) gathered the upper classes...
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| 600 |
Philanthropy, Peter Frumkin(
Authored Entry
) ...twenty-first century, institutional giving in Chicago had grown to over $500 million, with more than...
...has left an enormous and lasting legacy in Chicago. It has enabled the establishment of numerous...
...the past century and a half, philanthropy in Chicago has slowly undergone a major transformation....
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