| 541 |
African Americans, Christopher Manning(
Authored Entry
) ...the 1780s, blacks have had a long history in Chicago. Fugitive slaves and freedmen established the...
...efforts within the city until his death in 1879. Chicago's white abolitionists were also active, but...
...of black southerners made their way to Chicago, pushing the city's African American population from...
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| 542 |
Protestants, Martin E. Marty(
Authored Entry
) ...and educational agencies, an expression—at least in Chicago—of anti-Catholicism, or a gathering of...
...well poised to establish themselves at and after the birth of Chicago in 1833. The Episcopalians...
...established church in the southern colonies, but Chicago benefited from the westward migration of...
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| 543 |
Broadcasting, Rich Samuels(
Authored Entry
) ...profitable. Popular music dominated the dial. But Chicago's audience still supported two fine-arts...
...stations, WFMT and WNIB. Paul Harvey remained Chicago's lone network radio personality. His daily...
...dishes supplanted the network lines that once made Chicago a broadcasting hub, tens of millions of...
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| 544 |
Shipbuilding, Theodore J. Karamanski(
Authored Entry
) ...to be an important activity not only in Chicago but on Lake Michigan. i3041 U.S. Navy minesweeper...
...on the west bank of the North Branch of the Chicago River, June 1952. Photographer: Louis F....
...Zimmerman. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
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| 545 |
Baseball, Raymond Schmidt(
Authored Entry
) ...its first annual state baseball tournament in 1940. Cicero Morton in 1943 and Chicago Lane Tech in...
...1945 were the first Chicago-area schools to win the state championship. The American Legion...
...II , Little League baseball spread throughout Chicago and its suburbs, bringing thousands of boys—...
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| 546 |
Poetry, David Starkey and Bill Savage(
Authored Entry
) ...has also generated a number of publishers which, along with Poetry and Chicago's academic poets...
...and presses, perpetuate Chicago's role as a center of the writing, teaching, and publishing of...
...Chicago's long tradition as a center of poetic culture has two key aspects: Chicago has been a...
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| 547 |
Irish, Ellen Skerrett(
Authored Entry
) ...From a few hundred residents in the 1830s, Chicago emerged as the fourth largest Irish city in...
...in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston, however, Chicago's Irish grew up with their city and exerted...
...stockyards, and steel mills—contributed to Chicago's phenomenal growth from frontier town to urban...
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| 548 |
Prohibition and Temperance, Rachel E. Bohlmann(
Authored Entry
) ...In September 1997 and again in February 1998 the Chicago City Council passed ordinances to ban...
...area precincts banned alcohol sales. As a whole, Chicago has become drier: in 1998 a total of 468 of...
...of temperance ideas first appeared in Chicago in 1833 with the Chicago Temperance Society, a branch...
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| 549 |
Construction, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...most remarkable aspects of the history of the Chicago region has been the rapid development of the...
...by human settlements. Only a few decades later, Chicago stood as a thoroughly constructed place, in...
...of government. Virtually every piece of Chicago's modern landscape stands as a testament to decades...
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| 550 |
Basketball, Robert Pruter(
Authored Entry
) ...through a network of YMCA s. By February of 1893, teams at Chicago-area Ys had formed into a league....
...Collegiate basketball also came to Chicago from Springfield College in the person...
...of Amos Alonzo Stagg, the University of Chicago 's new faculty coach, who had played on the...
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| 551 |
Political Culture, Robin Einhorn(
Authored Entry
) ...Richard M. Daley into the mayor's office in 1989, the beginning of a new era in Chicago politics....
...One stereotype of Chicago is probably true: people in the city are interested in politics , and...
...details of how politics works in the city. Chicago voters also are famous for tolerating a certain...
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| 552 |
Insurance, Beatrix Hoffman(
Authored Entry
) ...The landmark Standard Oil Building, currently Chicago's second tallest, in 2000 was renamed for the...
...Chicago is not an “insurance town” on a par with Hartford or New York, but it still holds an...
...home to pioneering life insurance companies, Chicago insurers spurred historic growth and innovation...
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| 553 |
Charters, Municipal, Maureen A. Flanagan(
Authored Entry
) ...especially when the growth of cities like Chicago far outstripped that of any other municipalities...
...the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Chicago's earliest charters reflected its small...
...along Lake Michigan . Under its town charters, Chicago was governed by an elected Board of Trustees...
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| 554 |
Leisure, Steven A. Riess(
Authored Entry
) ...own cultural traditions and values. i3330 Chicago's railroads expanded leisure space for Chicagoans...
...and for Americans more generally. In this Chicago & Northwestern ad from 1887, a Boston agent...
...route. Creator: Poole Bros. , Printers and Engravers. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1...
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| 555 |
Social Services, Joanne L. Goodwin(
Authored Entry
) ...these efforts to dismantle the welfare state. In Chicago and elsewhere, cutbacks in public funding...
...Forest, postcard, 1908. Artist: Unknown. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 By the 1890s,...
...in part by economic and social inequality. Chicago's development of social services fits prominently...
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| 556 |
Railroad Supply Industry, Mark R. Wilson(
Authored Entry
) ...Car Company, by then part of the Marmon Group, a Chicago-based conglomerate. And ABC Rail Products,...
...been at the height of the railway age, when Chicago was at the center of the railroad equipment and...
...It is often said that the railroads made Chicago, in the sense that the city's explosive growth was...
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| 557 |
Church Architecture, George A. Lane, S.J.(
Authored Entry
) ...office space, under its Gothic spire. i3166 Chicago Rapid Transit Company poster by Rocco D....
...Navigato, depicting the Chicago Temple, 77 West Washington, 1920s. Artist: Rocco...
...D. Navigato. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 A Roman Catholic church showcased balloon...
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| 558 |
Canadians, Emily Brunner(
Authored Entry
) ...in the United States. Several institutions in Chicago continue to foster Canadian identity....
...The Canadian Club of Chicago, founded in 1942, promotes commerce between the United...
...and provides opportunities for Canadians in Chicago to socialize with each other. Members include...
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| 559 |
Suburbs and Cities as Dual Metropolis, Michael H. Ebner(
Authored Entry
) ...upon another. i3648 Cabrini high-rises, 1959. The Chicago Housing Authority completed this “Cabrini...
...Green. ” Photographer: Betty Hulett. Source: Chicago Historical Society. FIGURE 1 Replete with the...
...of median family incomes between metropolitan Chicago's richest and poorest communities in 1989 was...
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| 560 |
World War I, Sean J. LaBat(
Authored Entry
) ...siphoned native-born labor into the war effort. Many Chicago employers turned to women and African...
...the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to Chicago and other northern cities....
...I (1914–1918) had a profound impact on Chicago both before and after the American war declaration on...
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